![]() ![]() For open-loop stable systems that are nominally closed-loop stable, the distance from instability can be measured by the distance between the set of points of the Nyquist plot and the point (−1, 0). To keep our discussion simple, we restrict it to open-loop stable systems where zero encirclements guarantee stability. This degree of stability is known as relative stability. We therefore need to determine how far the system is from instability. This is because of the approximate nature of mathematical models and our imperfect knowledge of the system parameters. ![]() ![]() In practice, the stability of a mathematical model is not sufficient to guarantee acceptable system performance or even to guarantee the stability of the physical system that the model represents. Sami Fadali, Antonio Visioli, in Digital Control Engineering, 2009 4.6.1 Phase Margin and Gain Margin
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